Septic Systems

A "septic tank system" is a subsurface wastewater system consisting of a settling tank and a subsurface disposal field. Septic systems are used when sewage treatment plants are not accessible. They safely treat and dispose of wastewaters produced in the bathroom, kitchen and laundry. These wastewaters may contain disease-causing germs and pollutants that must be treated to protect human health and the environment. Although septic systems are usually a permanent solution to wastewater treatment and disposal, they sometimes serve as a temporary solution until sewer lines are installed.


Water Quality is responsible for all permitting activities that require a septic tank system for wastewater disposal.
Apply for a septic permit
Contact Onsite Wastewater New Construction Staff
Contact Wastewater Management Staff

Rules and Regulations governing septic systems in Wake County include both the State and the local rules and regulations.
NC DENR Onsite Wastewater Rules
Wake County Regulations
Wastewater Disposal System Design Policies
Wake County Human Services Department of Environmental Services Rules of Appeal

The Water Quality Division offers technical assistance to those designing septic and wastewater systems. There are different types of septic systems including pump to conventional systems, pressure manifold systems, low-pressure pipe (LPP) systems and aerobic treatment unit (ATU) systems. These types of systems normally have pumps, electrical floats and controls, alarms or other mechanical parts that are sure to fail without maintenance. For this reason, state rules have specific maintenance requirements for a number of these systems.

Maintaining your septic system
Septic Installers within Wake County
Reasons for failed inspections
Frequently Asked Questions
Abandoning a septic system